Abstract: With the improvement of the ecological environment, conflicts between humans and wildlife within nature conservation areas have become increasingly prominent. This issue represents a critical challenge that needs urgent resolution in the construction and development of the national park system. Through literature research, field investigation and interviews, the current state of human-wildlife conflicts in China′s first national parks was comprehensively understood, as well as the existing mitigation measures. The results reveal that: (1) There are 8 types of human-wildlife conflicts within national parks: human casualties, agricultural and forestry crops loss, poultry and livestock casualties, damage to production and living facilities, competition for pasture, epidemic diseases, poaching, and casualties caused by artificial facilities. (2) Mammals are identified as the primary contributors to these conflicts, whereas reptiles and amphibians are mainly affected by artificial facilities such as roads. (3) Presently, various national parks employ strategies that encompass proactive prevention and control measures, as well as post-conflict economic compensation. This paper delves into the mechanisms of human-wildlife conflicts in China′s national parks and proposes a series of mitigation strategies aimed at advancing the construction and improvement of a comprehensive conflict mitigation and management system for human-wildlife conflicts in China′s national parks.