Abstract: The complex causes of human-wildlife conflict (HWC) have attracted widespread attention from scholars around the world, prompting the international community to propose a variety of mitigation measures. Since the establishment of China′s first national parks, increasing numbers of wild animals have led to more frequent conflicts with surrounding community residents, thus making HWC a pressing issue in the construction of nature reserves dominated by national parks. Through comprehensive literature review, this paper analyzes the current state, research progress, and mitigation measures related to HWC both domestically and internationally: (1) It outlines the general situation, types, hazards, and causes of HWC globally. Such conflicts can be categorized into eight types, including human casualties and crop damage, resulting in both direct and indirect losses to humans, potentially triggering additional issues, and affecting wildlife populations. These conflicts may arise from natural factors or human activities. (2) The paper traces the evolution of research both nationally and internationally and analyzes trends in research hotspots. (3) It summarizes existing mitigation experiences, including preventive measures, economic compensation strategies, management approaches, and integrated mitigation tactics. Finally, the paper identifies shortcomings in current research and mitigation efforts and offers future outlooks and suggestions, aiming to provide further assistance and guidance in addressing and alleviating HWC.