武夷山国家公园江西片区兽类和鸟类多样性

Research on the diversity of mammals and birds in the area of Jiangxi Section of Wuyishan National Park

  • 摘要: 随着武夷山国家公园整合建设, 江西片区部分新增区域缺乏系统性的野生动物本底资料。为摸清新增区域鸟兽资源并比较与原有区域的差异, 于2023年3—10月布设200台红外相机开展监测, 共获15662个相机工作日和10780张独立有效照片, 记录兽类6目13科21种、鸟类4目6科13种, 其中包括国家一级重点保护野生动物4种、国家二级重点保护野生动物13种;新增区域记录到国家一级重点保护野生动物黑麂(Muntiacus crinifrons)和黄腹角雉(Tragopan caboti)。原有区域记录兽类21种、鸟类13种, 新增区域分别记录15种和6种, 新增区域记录物种均为原有区域共有物种。原有区域Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(H′=1.67)和Margalef丰富度指数(D=3.68)均高于新增区域(H′=1.38、D=2.50)。小麂(Muntiacus reevesi)、藏酋猴(Macaca thibetana)和白鹇(Lophura nycthemera)的相对多度指数(relative abundance index, RAI)较高。研究初步建立了新增区域鸟兽多样性本底资料, 尽管整体多样性低于原有区域, 但仍具有较丰富的野生动物资源和重要的保护价值, 可为江西片区生物多样性监测与保护管理提供基础依据。

     

    Abstract: With the integrated development of Wuyishan National Park, some newly added areas in the Jiangxi section lack systematic baseline data on wildlife resources. To characterize the mammal and bird resources of the newly added areas and compare them with those of the original area, a systematic camera-trapping survey of mammals and birds was conducted from March to October 2023. A total of 200 infrared camera traps were deployed, yielding 15662 camera-trap days and 10780 independent wildlife photographs. The survey recorded 21 species of medium- and large-sized mammals belonging to 6 orders and 13 families, and 13 bird species belonging to 4 orders and 6 families. Among these, four species were nationally protected Class I species and 13 were nationally protected Class II species, highlighting the important conservation value of the study area. The newly added areas recorded two nationally protected Class I species, black muntjac (Muntiacus crinifrons) and Cabot′s tragopan (Tragopan caboti). The original area supported 21 mammal species and 13 bird species, whereas the newly added areas supported 15 mammal species and 6 bird species. All species recorded in the newly added areas were also recorded in the original area, indicating a high degree of overlap in species composition between the two areas. The Shannon-Wiener diversity index was higher in the original area (H′=1.67) than in the newly added areas (H′=1.38), and the Margalef richness index showed the same pattern (D=3.68 and 2.50, respectively). These results indicate that the original area had relatively higher overall observed wildlife diversity and species richness. Relative abundance analysis showed that Reeves′s muntjac (Muntiacus reevesi), Tibetan macaque (Macaca thibetana), silver pheasant (Lophura nycthemera), and wild boar (Sus scrofa) had relatively high relative abundance. Levins′ niche breadth analysis further indicated that Tibetan macaque and silver pheasant had relatively broad ecological niches, suggesting a wider range of use of available environmental resources or habitats. Overall, this study established baseline information on mammal and bird diversity in the newly added areas. Although overall observed wildlife diversity was lower in the newly added areas than in the original area, the newly added areas still supported a relatively diverse wildlife community and had important conservation value, contributing to the maintenance of ecological integrity and biodiversity in Wuyishan National Park. These findings provide important baseline information for subsequent biodiversity monitoring, conservation planning, and scientific management of the newly added areas and the national park as a whole.

     

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