Abstract: From a systemic perspective of territorial spatial governance, this paper systematically reviews the significant progress made in the construction of China′s national park system. Currently, the construction of national parks has transitioned from the establishment phase to a new system refinement stage. However, it still faces multiple underlying dilemmas. The main issues include the misalignment between spatial scale and comprehensive benefits, tensions between ecological conservation and community development, constraints imposed by complex property rights relationships on holistic management, inadequate exit mechanisms for legacy industrial, mining, and hydropower projects, insufficient cross-regional and cross-sectoral coordination, and the relatively lagging application of intelligent monitoring technologies. This paper proposes a systematic optimization pathway. Key recommendations involve establishing a scientific evaluation and dynamic boundary-adjustment mechanism, developing a differentiated and itemized land use regulation system, promoting community co-construction and shared benefits, implementing phased and categorized resolutions for legacy issues, improving legal coordination mechanisms, and advancing an integrated air-space-ground intelligent monitoring system. These strategies are conducive to enhancing the effectiveness of territorial spatial governance and achieving the integration of high-level conservation and high-quality development in national parks.