我国国家公园标准化体系建设:框架搭建、逻辑进路和未来走向

Construction of China′s national park standardization system: framework establishment, logical approach, and future direction

  • 摘要: 我国国家公园标准化体系建设是推动国家公园高质量发展的重要举措。截至2026年1月, 我国发布的国家公园相关标准有69项, 从国家公园标准的发布时间、归口单位角度分析国家公园标准化建设现状。我国国家公园标准化体系建设可分为探索起步、试点发展、快速发展三个阶段。依据国家公园领域相关法律、政策与标准文件, 构建涵盖国家公园基础通用规范、设立规范、建设规范、管理与运营规范、生态保护与科研教育规范五个方面的国家公园标准体系框架。面向未来, 我国国家公园标准化体系建设应当以国家公园建设实践需要和高新技术发展要求为指引, 不断开展国家公园新兴领域的标准制定工作;提升国家公园标准制定工作的灵活性, 对标国际标准;鼓励多元主体参与国家标准的制定与实施, 增强国家公园标准的执行力。

     

    Abstract: The construction of the national park standardization system in China is a crucial initiative for promoting high-quality development of national parks in China. As of January 2026, China has issued 69 national park-related standards, comprising 10 national standards, 10 industry standards, and 49 local standards. This indicates that the national park standardization system has been largely established. The annual release count of national park standards shows an overall upward trend. Especially, since the "13th Five-Year Plan" period, the number of standards has surged, evolving from a focus on local standards to diversified standards at different levels. Regarding the centralized units of these standards, various administrative departments at different levels, along with national and local standardization committees, oversee their management. In terms of drafting bodies, national park management agencies, universities, research institutes, and enterprises have undertaken the primary work of standard formulation. Based on the timing of standard releases, the milestones of China's Five-Year Plans, and relevant national park policy documents issued by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council, the construction of national park standards in China can be divided into three stages. The period from 2009 to 2015 was the exploration stage, where initial progress was made. The period from 2016 to 2020 was the pilot development stage, during which the basic framework of the standardization system began to take shape. From 2021 to the present, it is a rapid development stage, marked by continuous innovation and development. According to the relevant laws, policies, and standard documents in the field, a framework for the national park standardization system is proposed. It encompasses five key dimensions: general specifications, establishment specifications, construction specifications, management and operational specifications, and specifications for ecological protection, scientific research, and education. Regarding the future direction of Chinese national park standardization system, efforts should be oriented toward the practical needs of national park construction and the requirements of high-tech advancement. It is essential to continuously promote standard setting work in emerging fields related to national parks, enhance the flexibility of standard formulation and alignment with international standards, and encourage the participation of diverse stakeholders in the development and implementation of national park standards.

     

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