Abstract: As China′s national park system continues to develop, nature education has emerged as a critical pathway for balancing ecological conservation and community development. However, the community participation in nature education within national parks currently faces practical challenges, including ambiguous participation pathways, insufficient internal motivation, and weak service capabilities. These issues stem primarily from the lack of systematic incentive mechanisms. Focusing on residents′ subjective perceptions of incentives, this study explores the driving pathways and mechanisms influencing community participation in nature education from the dual perspectives of economic incentive perception and social incentive perception. With the Wenchuan area of the Giant Panda National Park as a case study, a quantitative assessment of residents′ subjective perceptions of incentives (rather than objective incentive measures) was conducted through a questionnaire survey. The key findings are as follows: (1) Neither economic incentive perception nor social incentive perception directly influences residents′ behavioral intention to participate. Instead, they indirectly affect participation willingness through mediating pathways such as behavioral attitude, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control. (2) The two types of perception are intrinsically linked, with economic incentive perception significantly reinforcing social incentive perception, thereby amplifying the overall incentive effect. (3) Cluster analysis identifies three types of participant groups: proactive responders, rational selectors, and conservative observers. These groups exhibit significant heterogeneity in their response pathways to incentive perceptions, highlighting the urgent need for precise and differentiated incentive interventions.