Abstract: The distribution pattern of species refers to a comprehensive reflection of the long-term response of wild animals to environmental changes and human activities. Comprehending the spatial distribution of their suitable habitats plays a vital role in showing species survival mechanisms and formulating conservation strategies. The Tibetan macaque (Macaca thibetana) is a vital primate species in the mountain forest ecosystem of southeastern China. Besides, its habitat distribution characteristics are of great significance for understanding the species distribution pattern and its response to environmental changes. This study utilized the Biomod2 model in combination with 37 Tibetan macaque distribution sites and 31 environmental variables to conduct research in the Jiangxi Section of Wuyishan National Park. The system systematically assessed the distribution of potential suitable habitats under three climate scenarios (SSP126, SSP370, and SSP585) in the present and future (2041—2060, 2061—2080). The results demonstrated that the Biomod2 ensemble model revealed higher prediction accuracy relative to the single model. Its area under curve (AUC) and true skill statistics (TSS) were shown to be 0.94 and 0.84, respectively. According to importance analysis, the vital environmental factors impacting the distribution of Tibetan macaques were, in descending order: isothermality, enhanced vegetation index, distance to roads, leaf area index, forest age, fractional vegetation cover, distance to residences, and aspect. At present, the suitable habitat area for Tibetan macaques in the Jiangxi Section of Wuyishan National Park is approximately 105.1 km², occupying 37.67% of the total area of the Jiangxi Section. Under a variety of future climate scenarios, the suitable habitat for Tibetan macaques will increase to some extent, accompanied by changes in spatial patterns. Moreover, the research findings offer a scientific foundation and novel perspective for protecting and managing Tibetan macaques and other primates.