Abstract: With the change of global climate and intensification of anthropogenic activities, biodiversity loss worldwide has been accelerated. Habitat restoration has been widely recognized as a critical strategy to mitigate this loss, with its success depending on accurate identification of species optimal habitats. Meanwhile, species distribution models (SDMs) provide an effective approach to achieving this objective. In the present study, a systematic literature review was combined with citizen science occurrence data. Based on the MaxEnt model, the potential suitable habitats of the Reed Parrotbill (Paradoxornis heudei) in Northeast China were identified. As revealed by model outputs, the core distribution area of the species in the central Songnen Plain and the southern coastal wetlands along Bohai Bay reached approximately 44400 km², accounting for merely 3.06% of the total area of Northeast China. The spatial distribution of suitable habitats showed a pronouncedly fragmented pattern. Among the environmental predictors, the minimum temperature of the coldest month, the maximum temperature of the warmest month, and vegetation greenness (NDVI) were identified as the dominant contributors, which interpreted 33.15%, 32.49%, and 15.93% of the variance, respectively. Temperature seasonality (8.75%), distance to water (4.36%), and precipitation of the driest season (3.96%) also exerted moderate influence. By contrast, the effect of anthropogenic disturbance (distance to farm, 0.96%; distance to roads, 0.40%) was minor. In short, while improving the understanding of the species ecological niche, these findings highlight temperature-related variables as the primary determinants of its distribution. At present, more than 82% of suitable habitats remain unprotected. By clarifying the core distribution range and pivotal limiting factors of the Reed Parrotbill in Northeast China, this study provides a robust scientific foundation for precise delineation of core protected areas and formulation of targeted habitat restoration strategies. Meanwhile, it is of great significance for maintaining the stability of regional wetland ecosystems, conserving biodiversity, and advancing the establishment of the Songnen Crane Homeland National Park.