Abstract: As a core component of UNESCO′s Man and the Biosphere (MAB) Programme, the World Network of Biosphere Reserves (WNBR) serves as a vital global platform for promoting harmonious coexistence between humans and nature. China, with its 34 member reserves, has consistently advanced the integrated progress of ecological conservation and socio-economic development. However, the effectiveness of China′s biosphere reserves in sustainable development has not yet been systematically evaluated. This study designs a questionnaire based on the four strategic goals outlined in the Strategy for the Man and the Biosphere Programme (2015-2025): "ecological conservation", "human well-being", "capacity building", and "climate change". It samples management bodies from all 34 world biosphere reserves in China and compiles best practice cases in sustainable development. The findings indicate that over the past decade, governance models focused on natural restoration have effectively improved or stabilized the survival conditions of protected targets within China′s world biosphere reserves. Additionally, significant achievements in sustainable development have been made through tourism development, agricultural optimization, and government compensation. Specifically, 97.1% of management staff confirmed an increase in residents′ per capita income, and 85.3% of respondents acknowledged substantial benefits to indigenous communities from the establishment of reserves. Furthermore, long-term commitments to capacity building are evident, as 67.7% of reserves have conducted no fewer than seven professional training sessions over the past ten years. In response to climate change, more than 80% of the reserves (82.4%) have incorporated climate factors into monitoring, research, and implementation plans. Nevertheless, China′s biosphere reserves still face challenges such as insufficient funding, shortages of skilled personnel, and limited collaboration with the private sector. Future recommendations include enhancing financial and technical support, improving residents′ well-being, promoting multi-stakeholder cooperation, and prioritizing the cultivation of young talent. This study provides a scientific basis for the future development of China′s biosphere reserves, as well as a reference model for balancing ecological integrity and human development needs within protected areas globally.