Abstract: The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is a vital global biodiversity hotspot, characterized by its unique geographical setting and complex climatic conditions, which foster rich and distinctive biological resources. There are a vast number of endemic vascular plants and vertebrates, which play crucial ecological roles in water conservation, soil retention, windbreak and sand fixation, and carbon sequestration. However, in recent years, the combined effects of global climate change and human activities have significantly accelerated ecosystem degradation, habitat fragmentation, and increased extinction risks, posing severe challenges to biodiversity conservation in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. This paper systematically analyzes the current state of biodiversity conservation on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and the main problems faced. Despite some success in conservation efforts, issues like grassland, forest, and wetland ecosystem degradation remain prominent, with substantial proportions of severely and extremely degraded areas. Phenomena such as land desertification, soil erosion, and rocky desertification, persist, with ecosystem degradation exhibiting a "northwest-heavy and southeast-light" distribution pattern. Ecosystem degradation has intensified habitat fragmentation, reduced habitat patch sizes, and hindered the dispersal and gene flow of flagship and endemic species, further heightening extinction risks. Concurrently, the decline in ecosystem services continues, weakening water conservation, soil retention, sand retention, and carbon sequestration capabilities in certain localities, thereby posing potential threats to regional ecological security. The analysis indicates that climate change, overgrazing, infrastructure development, and invasive alien species are the primary driving factors behind plateau ecosystem degradation. As conflicts between regional socioeconomic development and ecological protection become more pronounced, the issue of uneven spatial distribution of existing protected areas, urgently needs resolution. The construction of ecological corridors and the collaborative management mechanism require further optimization. Moreover, there are notable regional differences in the effectiveness of ecological protection and restoration policies. To address these issues and challenges, this paper proposes the following recommendations. Comprehensive management and restoration projects for ecosystem degradation should be advanced. Differentiated restoration measures should be implemented based on the characteristics of different types of ecosystems to enhance ecological service functions. The spatial configuration and management system of ecological protection, centered on national parks, need optimization, and the construction of ecological corridors and collaborative management between protected areas should be strengthened. Additionally, it is crucial to improve the biodiversity monitoring and dynamic assessment system, and establish a long-term and continuous multi-scale monitoring network and early warning mechanism. These measures are expected to provide essential information support and decision-making basis for the construction of ecological security barriers and biodiversity conservation on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.