Abstract: Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park, which contains the largest contiguous area of tropical rainforest in China, harbors rich biodiversity. Therefore, this study was performed to assess the current status of mammalian diversity and anthropogenic disturbances within the park. From July to November 2023, totally 301 infrared cameras were deployed in a 4 km ×4 km grid across seven areas of the national park to systematically survey mammal species richness and anthropogenic disturbances. Altogether 53, 942 camera trap days were recorded, which could yield 2, 729 independent and valid photographs of mammal species. In total, 19 species of wild mammals were documented, belonging to 5 orders and 11 families. Among them, two species were listed under national first-class protection, and four species under second-class protection, accounting for 31.6% of all surveyed wild mammal species. In addition, one species was classified as Critically Endangered (CR) and another as Endangered (EN) by the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, together representing 10.5% of the total number of species. The five species with the highest relative abundance index (RAI) included Atherurus macrourus (RAI=0.13), Rattus exulans (RAI=0.09), Ratufa indica (RAI=0.07), Callosciurus erythraeus (RAI=0.07), and Melogale moschata (RAI=0.03). Our results demonstrated that anthropogenic disturbances existed to varying degrees in all seven areas, with Wuzhishan experiencing more frequent human activities and Limushan suffering greater livestock disturbance. The richness of mammal species in Limushan was higher than that in other areas, indicating that some species might exhibit tolerance to moderate levels of livestock presence. Moreover, this study provided essential baseline data on the species composition, relative abundance, and spatial distribution of mammals, as well as anthropogenic disturbances across Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park, providing vital insights for future research and conservation management.