Abstract: One of the important elements of comprehensively deepening the reform of the ecological civilisation system is to establish a system of nature reserves, with national parks as the main body. Notably, a modernised governance system and governance means are needed to promote the construction of high-quality national parks. Besides, an in-depth comprehension of the theoretical connotation of modernised governance of national parks and scientific evaluation of governance performance becomes a key issue to comprehensively and objectively understand the specific systems, policies and their governance effectiveness in the construction process of national parks. Given that the construction of a modernised governance system for national parks is a systematic, comprehensive and complex project, it must be aimed to meet the major strategic needs of the country, focus on solving the current governance dilemmas, and improve the governance system of national parks to promote multiple efficacies of national parks governance. This study starts from the strategic background and realistic dilemmas, combines the theory of governance of protected areas, theoretically explains the connotation of modernised governance system of national parks, and constructs a modernised governance system of national parks covering the governance foundation, governance means, governance guarantee, and governance effectiveness. In addition, the research progress of governance performance evaluation at home and abroad is combed. It is found that the evaluation of governance in the governance of China′s national parks is not yet sufficient. On the one hand, a general framework for effective governance evaluation has not yet been constructed. On the other hand, the evaluation content of the existing nature reserves pays more attention to the management process itself. Furthermore, the connotation of national park governance is explained from four dimensions of "governance foundation, governance means, governance guarantee and governance effectiveness". On this basis, a performance evaluation index system for governance of China′s national parks is constructed. As one of the first batch of national parks formally established in China, Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park has abundant resources. Taking Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park as a case study, this paper analyses and evaluates its governance performance in four above-mentioned dimensions. Finally, the current situation of modernised governance of national parks in China is summarized. By evaluating the governance of China′s national parks, this study proposes the development direction of future governance, including enriching the theoretical connotation of modernised governance of national parks, highlighting the application and transformation of research results, and focusing on the social participation in the governance of national parks.