Mechanism and planning practice of ecological education interpretation in Shangri-La Pudacuo National Park

As an effective tool for visitor management, ecological education interpretation plays a key role in balancing "ecological conservation" with "sustainable utilization". It is crucial for preventing national parks from descending into the "tragedy of the commons" and improving park management systems. This study addresses prevalent challenges in China′s national park ecological education interpretation systems, such as lack of interaction and market imbalance. Based on dynamic mechanism theory, it deeply analyzes the mechanisms across the "system-element-function" levels and develops a strategic framework that includes "conceptual innovation, stakeholder collaboration, operational optimization, and institutional reinforcement". With Shangri-La Pudacuo National Park as a case study, it showcases planning practices based on this framework, covering planning philosophy development, multi-stakeholder governance mechanisms, spatial zoning configurations, activity design systems, and safeguard institution building. The findings provide feasible solutions to the development bottleneck of "prioritizing physical infrastructure over educational efficacy" in national parks. They offer valuable references for other national parks embarking on ecological education initiatives and contribute theoretical and practical models for building a unique public education system in China′s protected areas.